All rights reserved.Īn example of the potential advantages of the use of MFMS can be seen, for example, in electric-propelled unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). They should also be vastly more tailorable to the application than current unifunctional materials, because of the wide range of combinations of materials and resulting properties and functions. An effective integration should be able to eliminate traditional boards, connectors, bulky cables yielding major weight and volume savings (Fig. The use of MFMS will, and in some cases already do, allow savings in number of parts, reducing the need for joining operations. An electrically conductive material eliminates the need for wires, a shape morphing material may eliminate the need for actuators, a flame retardant material eliminates the need for severe fire protection mechanisms, a renewable material minimizes the need for continuing of extraction of raw materials, and of course a combination of these eliminates the need for all of those and maybe some more, because many times the combination of materials can result in new functions not present in either of the single materials by themselves. This concept of material system is being introduced in order to simplify nomenclature, and will be further explained in the following chapter, Nomenclature I, but now the reader only needs to know it refers to either materials, composites, structures or a mix of either. Introduction Multifunctional Material Systems (MFMS) approach the concept of ideality by being more autonomous and polyvalent than their counterpart monofunctionals. In this article, an overview of the topic is presented, including state-of-the-art review and future directions to increase innovation in developing both these materials and structures. Presently, this multifunctionality can be achieved by stimuli responsive materials such as temperature, stress and light, by using shape memory materials, by using surface structures with antibiofouling and drag reduction capabilities, among many others. This polyvalence or multifunctionality is currently a hot topic in science and engineering circles and is gathering more and more attention. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalĪrticle history: Available online 8 January 2016 Keywords: Multifunctional Polyvalent Smart Materials Composites StructuresĪ b s t r a c t An increase in system-level efficiency and multifunctionality of products and components is one of the main advantages of the use of some novel polyvalent materials and structures. Nóvoa, António Torres Marques ⇑ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Oporto, Rua Dr. Contents lists available at ScienceDirectĬomposite Structures journal homepage: Multifunctional Material Systems: A state-of-the-art review André Duarte B.L.
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